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The philosophy of education
is the study of the purpose, nature and ideal content of education. Related
topics include knowledge itself, the nature of the knowing mind and the
human subject, problems of authority, and the relationship between education
and society. At least since Locke's time, the philosophy of education has
been linked to theories of developmental psychology and human development.
Fundamental purposes that have been proposed for education include:
* The enterprise of civil society depends on educating young people to
become responsible, thoughtful and enterprising citizens. This is an
intricate, challenging task requiring deep understanding of ethical
principles, moral values, political theory, aesthetics, and economics, not
to mention an understanding of who children are, in themselves and in
society.
* Progress in every practical field depends on having capacities that
schooling can educate. Education is thus a means to foster the individual's,
society's, and even humanity's future development and prosperity. Emphasis
is often put on economic success in this regard.
* One's individual development and the capacity to fulfill one's own
purposes can depend on an adequate preparation in childhood. Education can
thus attempt to give a firm foundation for the achievement of personal
fulfillment. The better the foundation that is built, the more successful
the child will be. Simple basics in education can carry a child far.
A central tenet of education typically includes "the imparting of
knowledge." At a very basic level, this purpose ultimately deals with the
nature, origin and scope of knowledge. The branch of philosophy that
addresses these and related issues is known as epistemology. This area of
study often focuses on analyzing the nature and variety of knowledge and how
it relates to similar notions such as truth and belief.
While the term, knowledge, is often used to convey this general purpose of
education, it can also be viewed as part of a continuum of knowing that
ranges from very specific data to the highest levels. Seen in this light,
the continuum may be thought to consist of a general hierarchy of
overlapping levels of knowing. Students must be able to connect new
information to a piece of old information to be better able to learn,
understand, and retain information. This continuum may include notions such
as data, information, knowledge, wisdom, and realization.
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